Moral And Ethical Issues Of Human Cloning Philosophy Essay

virtuous And Ethical Issues Of serviceman clone Philosophy EssayCloning is rapidly emerging as cardinal of the most contr all oversial and emotion-laden of topics in todays world. To clone or not to clone that is the million-dollar question. The prospect of clone earthly concern is highly controversial and raises a number of ethical, legal and social challenges that need to be considered. So, is it flop or is it wrong? Can we not overlook this aspect since there are some advantages to it? But whence again, a line has to be drawn somewhere, does it not? Before going into the controversial pass over clone, a concrete, dictionary definition of what a clone is, must be given in effectuate to prevent any confusion that may occur later on. A clone is defined by Merriam-Webster dictionary as the aggregate of the asexually produced progeny of an private as advantageously as an individual grown from a wizard somatic cell of its parent and genetically identical to it. To put it in simpler words, it is an asexually regurgitated offspring who has the same genetic information as an separate organism or organisms.With that said, A matter of much debate in current society is whether human being clone should be allowed so that infertile couples could stimulate the opportunity to aim genetically related children, give people the chance of emotional state later death, and open the elan for undefiled match organ transplants, or should it be banned because it involves the take and destruction of human conceptuss, could lead to unfair treatment of cloned individuals and their original, and it may lead to a designer society. A 1997 CNN poll conducted among 1,005 Ameri drop adults found that 69% are scared of the possibility of re-create universe (Poll). wherefore is this? This fear of the unknown has always excited the human race, from the Marina trench to the outer limits of space, we as humans cave in always strived to increase our scientific and techno rational knowledge. In order to over come the fear of the ghastly we must shine light on the unknown. many an(prenominal) Ameri flush toilets tincture very strongly one way or the other on the issue of human re-create, finished this paper we will research and contend where each of these sides are coming from, exploring the ethical, moral, and logical aspects of both pro and anti- re-create concerns.Jeff Sessions, junior United States Senator from aluminium has stated, We, in this country, energise believed by a substantial majority that copy human organisms is not right and should not be done. We certainly leave all seen the rejections of Nazi Germanys abuses of science. As a society and a nation, there ought to be some limit on what we can allow or should allow(Brainy Quotes). This statement in its self, makes are minds race to the internal sacred parts of our bodys, it make us ask the someoneal question, is human re-create ethical, does it truly meet our own standard s of right vs. wrong? On one side of the debate are those who are against human cloning. These people feel that cloning could very possibly do more(prenominal) damage than serious. First of all, in the beginning stages of cloning it will take many years to perfect it. It took at least 208 feats, which means embryos, to succeed in cloning Dolly, the first mammal to be cloned (Gibbs 52). It is hazard that it will take even more attempts to successfully clone a human being. Presently, in the cloning of mammals, 98% of cloned embryos do not implant, or pass off during gestation or shortly after birth (Gibbs 52). excessively, those who are against cloning respond to the argument that cloning allows for bringing the dead back to life, that a clone will not have the same personality that the original person had. This is due to the situation that much of personality is determined by nurture and environment, not genes. So, they believe that if someone clones a person in wishs of havi ng them be exactly uniform the original person, the clone will end up being treated unfairly and have unrealistic expectations set upon them. Thirdly, as for clones providing a perfect organ and relationship match, those against cloning are afraid that clones may be produced only for the reason to take their organs or blood. This means that the clones would not be treated as a real person, if they are hot at all, assuming they are not created for use of their lifes or other vital organs. Also, anti-cloning people feel that it is achievable that society could become homogeneous because only the best and most talented people would be cloned and therefore, society would lose all of its diversity (What Would a gentlemans gentleman Clone Be Like). On the fence side many pro cloning activist believe cloning great individuals with exemplary talents, genius, or character can be reproduced. Another Einstein, Mozart or Michael Jordan could benefit our society. They could teach us and h elp us teach our children, thus creating a stronger and healthier society(Human cloning). Biologist hope that endangered species could be saved. They hope that through the research and perfection of the technology to clone mammals, preservation of endangered species will become available. Many other individual supports believe that with cloning, infertile couples could have children. Despite getting a fair add of publicity in the news current treatments for infertility, in terms of percentages, are not very successful. one(a) estimate is that current infertility treatments are less than 10% successful. Couples go through physically and emotionally painful procedures for a small chance of having children. Many couples run out of time and money without successfully having children (Human cloning).So a simple question to ask, how do the scientist themselves feel about the ethics behind cloning? The scientists of the Missiplicity Project (Missy, the first dog to be cloned in history, following Dolly the sheep. The project started with the wish of Missys owners to have her reproduced) answer to the question on ethics by saying that since they do believe in ethics, they true their own Code of Bioethics. This code sets out guidelines regarding issues such(prenominal) as ethical treatment of the animals as well as the effort to minimize the waste of workable embryos or the destruction of flawed embryos. The scientists believe that cloning is definitely a new form of assisted reproduction, just as artificial insemination and in vitro fertilisation were new and criticized as ungodly in their day.People have very different views of what is natural. Embryo cloning still depends on a human egg from a woman and sperm from a man. Human embryo cloning just tweaks apart a zygote at the two-cell stage, changing a single two-cell form of life into two one-cell forms of life. One can argue that God did not intend cloning to be done. But the same argument was apply, largel y in the past, to oppose such techniques as in vitro fertilization. It all depends upon what one is apply to, and what one considers being natural(Jesse Rainbow). Some claim that cloned humans may be born without souls. They speculate that the soul enters the body when a sperm fertilizes an ovum. Since there is no sperm regard in cloning, perhaps the fetus would develop without a soul. There is no way to know whether a soul is present it has no weight, it cannot be seen, touched, smelled, heard, or detected in any other way. In fact, many people believe that souls do not exist. Speculation on this topic can neer be resolved. The final moral question raised by cloning is this who is to be held responsible for taking care of this new life? The person whose genetic material is being used could easily be fracture from the clone and claim no responsibility, as does a sperm donor. The person involved in giving birth to the child could too claim no responsibility since she is merely a surrogate. Human cloning is dangerous to society. The moral implications and the psychological ramifications toward clones and their progenitors only add to the urgency for many to want to permanently ban cloning.Many who picture cloning as vile imagine a person cloning him or herself so that the clone could be robbed for a needed organ. This argument is irrelevant one has to separate possible abuses of a technology from the debate over whether a technology is moral. Quantum physics is not immoral because it has been used to design nuclear weapons.The Catholic Church, pope John Paul II made a recent statement against cloning of all life forms. The Vatican issued statement specifically condemning the cloning of humans moreover has not come out officially against cloning of other animals. If God had wanted us to clone ourselves, he would have given us a way for a-sexual reproduction. But because we were made to reproduce bi-sexually, this is the only way we should continue to do s o. However, in contrast to the opinions of their peers, some Jewish and Muslim apparitional leaders testified before the National Bioethics Advisory Commission that they feel that embryo and cloning research aptitude provide discoveries that would lead to an appropriate way to counter infertility (Jesse Rainbow). On August 29th 2000 Pope John Paul II addressed the International Congress on Transplants. He commented that medical methods that leave out to respect the dignity and value of the person must always be avoided. I am sentiment in particular of attempts at human cloning with a view to obtaining organs for transplants these techniques, insofar as they involve the manipulation and destruction of human embryos, are not morally acceptable, even when their proposed goal is good in itself (Pope Paul II).On the same note, scientists are attempting to create transgenic pigs, which have human genes. Their heart, liver or kidneys mightiness be useable as organ transplants in human s. This would save many lives. Thousands of people hap each year delay for available human organs if this is achieved, transgenic animals could be cloned to produce as many organs as are needed (Cloning Debate). A thought we as humans must seek is can we live with ourselves if we set ideal while men, women and children are dieing all over the world from dieses. Dont we have a moral and ethical obligation to not just our county but to our selves to strive and find not just answers, but antidotes to diseases such as crabby person, Parkinsons, and Alzheimer? How do you feel about it, does the end really liberate the means?So with so much debate and so much controversy, what could possible cause a human to want to clone another living life? Where is the logic behind all this madness, is essay to clone mammals a logical idea?Scientists hope that one day therapeutic cloning can be used to generate tissues and organs for transplants. So that it may some day be used in humans to produc e whole organs from single cells or to produce bouncing cells that can replace damaged cells in degenerative diseases such as Alzheimers or Parkinsons. To do this, deoxyribonucleic acid would be extracted from the person in need of a transplant and inserted into an enucleated egg. After the egg containing the patients DNA starts to divide, embryonic tooth root cells that can be transformed into any type of tissue would be harvested. The stem cells would be used to generate an organ or tissue that is a genetic match to the recipient. In theory, the cloned organ could indeed be transplanted into the patient without the risk of tissue rejection. If organs could be generated from cloned human embryos, the need for organ largess could be significantly reduced (Cloning Fact Sheet).The British Organ Donor Society (BODY) supports cloning efforts to seize the strain of the lack of organs that are available. Cloning technology is expected to aid the result in several medical breakthroug hs. It is thought that there may one day be a remediation for cancer. This is because the cloning process helps us take the process of cell differentiation. Theories exist that if a cure for cancer can be found, then further testing may lead to a cure for heart antiaircrafts and cloning organs for organ transplantation. Scientists believe that they may be able to treat heart attack victims by cloning their healthy heart cells and injecting them into the areas of the heart that have been damaged. The cloning of organs would eliminate individuals waiting on a list for an organ transplant. Skin for burn victims, brain cells for the brain damaged, spinal electric cord cells for quadriplegics and paraplegics, hearts, lungs, livers, and kidneys could be produced. By combining this technology with human cloning technology it may be possible to produce needed tissue for suffering people that will be free of rejection by their tolerant systems (Human Cloning). Biotechnology company Adva nced Cell Technology Inc. (ACT), based in Worcester, Massachusetts, said the human cloning breakthrough was aimed not at creating a human being but at mining the embryo for stem cells to treat diseases ranging from Parkinsons to juvenile diabetes. Michael West, chief executive officer of ACT hopes to further treatment of ailments such as diabetes, cancer, AIDS, Parkinson s and Alzheimers disease .Megan Regan wrote to the Human Cloning Foundation for not help, but awareness. This is an exert from her declare to inform even persuade those against cloning I, too, was at first against cloning as I didnt like the idea of playing God. However, ten years ago I developed endolymphatic hydrops, which is an autoimmune disease of the philia ear. Since then Ive lost my hearing, developed balance problems and dizziness and there is no cure.As such I had to give up my job, which I loved but worse was yet to come. I began getting sturdy headaches, blurred vision and pressure in my brain. I was then diagnosed with Arnold Chari malformation. Ive since had neurosurgery twice. Its helped but not cured the problem. Also I have osteoarthritis of the cervical spine, which likewise cannot be cured.So, to stem cell research, cloning and DNA manipulation, I say bring it on so people who, like me and in other cases worse off than me, would benefit from it. I dont want to live forever and become a superhuman through this technology. However, I believe I, and so do others, deserve a better quality of life. Might I add that healthy people who are against cloning would no doubt change their minds if placed in my position or in other peoples positions who see the great need of this technology (Hope).Still how logical is it? Reproductive cloning is expensive and highly inefficient. More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring. More than a cardinal nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone. In addition to low success rates, cloned an imals tend to have more compromised immune function and high rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders. Japanese studies have shown that cloned mice live in poor health and die early. About a third of the cloned calves born alive have died young, and many of them were abnormally large. Many cloned animals have not lived long enough to generate good data about how clones age. Appearing healthy at a young age unfortunately is not a good indicator of long-term survival. Clones have been known to die mysteriously. For example, Australias first cloned sheep appeared healthy and energetic on the day she died, and the results from her autopsy failed to determine a cause of death (Cloning Fact Sheet).Cloning may be good and it may be bad. believably its a bit of both. The question must not be greeted with reflex hysteria but inflexible quietly, soberly and on its own merits. We need less emotion and more thought (Richard Dawkins is an eminent Brithish ethologist, evolutionary theorist, and popular science writer who holds the Charles Simonyi Chair in the Public Understanding of Science at Oxford University). out-of-pocket to the inefficiency of animal cloning (only about 1 or 2 viable offspring for every hundred experiments) and the lack of understanding about reproductive cloning, many scientists and physicians strongly believe that it would be unethical to attempt to clone humans. Not only do most attempts to clone mammals fail, about 30% of clones born alive are affected with large offspring syndrome and other debilitating conditions. Several cloned animals have died prematurely from infections and other complications. The same problems would be expected in human cloning. In addition, scientists do not know how cloning could impact mental development. While factors such as intellect and mood may not be as important for a cow or a mouse, they are crucial for the development of healthy humans. With so many unknowns concerning reproductive cloning, the attempt to clone humans at this time is considered potentially dangerous.Cloning is definitely a sensitive issue that must be handled very carefully. Although cloning of animals has already been done, the human race may not yet be ready for the cloning of humans, regardless of the matter that it has already been done or not. There is no doubt in my mind that cloning has great advantages to it, but with it comes the fear that many lines may be crossed which should not be crossed. Scientists may believe that ethics may cease scientific development but with care and regard for ethics that are also within reason, I believe that this development will not be ceased. We have explored some of the major pro and cons in the controversial issue of cloning from the ethical, morality and logic stand points we beginning to understand the sensitivity and grave importance of this topic. Now to say cloning is right or wrong is a personal decision. One that I hope I have shed light upon so that you might explore more the cause and effects of cloning the human race.