Classification of Outsourcing

miscellanea of OutsourcingOutsourcing can be classified as moving alone or part of an organizations activity to a third order business. The activity could be in the mildew of producing a good or the per rollance of a religious receipts. In whatsoever type of industries, outsourcing may well be the only if feasible business model, each for all businesses or for a subgroup of businesses. The universal example is bran- impertinentlyspapers outsourcing their news gathering expediency of process (especially, collecting entropy in other(a) countries) to ordinal party advantage providers such(prenominal) as Reuters and the Associated Press. (Varadarajan, R. 2009) Outsourcing is unrivaled of the measures a party takes to cut constitutes by moving their frolics to an by rights(prenominal) vendor on an ongoing basis. The organisation was providing these go midlandly in the lead outsourcing them to the third party vendor. A company that effectively engages in cost cut ting would be in a die invest in the securities indus pick up. Companies with low cost leadership atomic number 18 able to gain the authorisation securities industry sh ar. (Oza, A., and K. Hill. 2007)Outsourcing is a trend that will carry on everyplace a period era. Cost reduction can non be the only pauperization for outsourcing since cost reductions is only feasible in specific conditions, e.g. the third party provider is be able to achieve economies of scale that the outsourcer does not. Business do not simply indulge in the edge of outsourcing to perform the aforesaid(prenominal) task at cut down cost, as this could be achieved through reorganising internal activities.(Qulin, B. Duhamel, F. 2003) Businesses impart hired vendors for particular problems or to level off peaks and troughs in their workloads for eld. In the recent years outsourcing has been employed with great success by companies such as General Electric and Procter Gamble. Even though in genera l just about companies would indulge in outsourcing to each cut cost or reduce the head count, today the drivers atomic number 18 more(prenominal) strategical and it foc dos on keeping value-added activities in ho handling where an organization can better utilize its own core competencies. Many companies are discovering that outsourcing is about unified step-up, making better utilization of skilled staff and rase job creation, not just cheap wages abroad. (Brent, P. 2009)Based on the to a toweringer place arguments in that location are two types criteria that a company would bear in mind before making any decisivenesss on outsourcing. The graduation exercise is cognize as tactical outsourcing wherein the decision is often taken junior-graded on cost with no consideration to other benefits or risks associated with that decision. The second is strategic outsourcing where other aspects are taken into consideration. These include quality improvements and unavail index o f resources. (Espino-Rodrguez, T.F. Padrn-Robaina, V. 2004). in that location are too round possible dis wagess of outsourcing if not d whiz correctly. Outsourcing has to be d superstar for the right reasons as mentioned above. The company has to carefully assess the possible benefits which could be in the form of cost reduction or increase guest satisfaction before making any decisions on outsourcing. around of the other possible disadvantages could be losing staffs that switch been trained in the process that may be outsourced or failure to meet the pronenessd beat as agreed by the third party vendor. (Jones 1997) It is true that there some disadvantages associated with the process of outsourcing but a carefully crafted rational decision based on logical thoughts would strengthened service companies to get the extra enactment of competitive advantage through lower cost disciplines, at the selfsame(prenominal) conviction improving their quality of service and produc t deli genuinely qualification (Domberger, 1998). Globalization is the key word and today companies compete in the globose market place and not in regional or national market. The new developments in education and engineering message that production processes could be dislocated in and place. Also guests have a wide range of products to assume from and this in turn would reduce guest loyalty. all told this adds to complexity and one response to above changing needs is outsourcing. (Pedersen, H.S. Jenster, P.V. 2000).Outsourcing was first observed in the manufacturing industry, and China was the front runner in terms of attracting jobs and foreign investment. In this phase of outsourcing, it was noticed that organisation in order to take the advantage of cheap labour would set up its manufacturing plant in the far-off East or Mexico. As outsourcing be take place more widespread, more and more functions were capable of being outsourced. The biggest upsurge in outsourcing w as observed when service activities were outsourced. What began as a process for cutting costs has evolved into a means of maturation a companys business value. Transferring non-core company processes off to experts not only helps in delivering increased efficiencies, it delivers the authorization for enhanced performance. The important thing is to combine the right people, processes, and technologies to gain maximum efficiency and achieve competitive advantage. (Oza, A., and K. Hill. 2007)International entropy Corporation (IDC) has through some analysis of the top outsourcing deals in the original years and the data reveals contract expenditures of almost U.S. $56 billion. The scale of outsourcing has areaed amaze proportions, as seen in the case of Fiats U.S. $7 billion deal and NTLs U.S. $2 billion deal with IBMs Global Services. (Kakabadse, A. Kakabadse, N. 2005) Outsourcing planetary has like a shot topped US $ 1 trillion per annum. (Oza, A., and K. Hill. 2007) In the service industry, outsourcing was initially restricted to basal acquit activities but recently outsourcing has entered all non-core service functions. In 1997, 34% of enterprises. Outsourced all or part of their information technology (IT) and this proportion is expect to increase to 58 % by the year 2010. Similar increases are expect for activities such as telecommunication, accounting and human resources. (Oza, A., and K. Hill. 2007) Outsourcing has evolved in the past a hardly a(prenominal)(prenominal) years and a new industry bordered Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) has come to age. It is expected to be the bordering big wave in information technology operate. Business process outsourcing is a more specialised form of outsourcing in which an complete business process, such as accounting, procurement or human resources, is handed to a third party vendor(RAMMOHAN RAO. 2004). According to Gartner Group, which is one of the top IT consulting firms, a BPO can be defined as delegating one or more business processes to an third party provider which in turn owns, facilitates and manages the particular process based on a clear and measurable performance criteria. As per a study done by International data corporation the BPO market is expected to reach1 .2 trillion in the coming years. In terms of market share the United States leads the BPO market followed by Europe and the Asia pacific region. (Yang et al 2007). distinguish centres constitute the biggest part of this BPO market. (RAMMOHAN RAO. 2004) Call centres are defined by Richardson and Gillespie (2003, pp. 88-89) as having three distinct characteristics1. workers are employed in specializer activities which put together telecommunications and information systems technologies2. Their work is administered by automated technology which virtually simultaneously distributes work, manages the speed of that work and monitors their performance and 3. Workers are presently interacting with the custome r either through in-bound bellows, making out-bound wauls or a combine of the two.The National Association of Call Centres, a non-profit organization serving the outcry centre industry, categories different sectors in the diagnose centre industry. These are1. monetary go/ verifying/insurance 2. telecommunications 3. medical operate 4. government 5. directory operate/job placement (Jobs et al. 2007) According to industry estimates, there were over 300,000 call centres worldwide at the end of 2002, employing around 18m people. (RAMMOHAN RAO. 2004)Call centres can in the form of contact centres which are part of the company (inhouse call centres) or Third party call centres (service bureaux) which interacts with customers on behalf of several companies. Basically, with the help of call centres companies try to provide an prolonged form of customer service, and try to learn their clients satisfaction and commitment (Zapf et al 2003). Employees in call centres are not just ta king out-bound and in-bound calls, but they would also interact with customers through e-mails and online chew as well.With the approach of technology customers are increasely using telecommunicate to correspond and there are incentives to do so since there is no spate for postage and emails can be easily stored. The advancement in IT systems enables a customer service agent to interact with customers through representative and email and service both at the same eon. Online chat is a real judgment of conviction text conversation between agent the customer. e-mail and chat service may be used by clients who cannot use a conventional telephone due to disability. (Irish 2000)Outsourcing in pecuniary service industryFinancial Services Industry at the ForefrontThe fiscal industry is not new to idea of outsourcing, and its use, prompted by need to lower cost and the need to focus on core business area, is increasing sharply. As per a report, 15% of the fiscal operate sector in th e US, which is approximately about $356bn, would be outsourced in the next few years. The crop in this sector would help in reducing cost for sure services provided by the pecuniary induction and at the same time would help in increasing efficiency. (Singh, D. 2005). A study conducted of 31 European depository financial institutions reported that the majority intended to increase their level of outsourcing, particularly of BPO. Banks that already opted for BPO had a strong focus on efficiency while in general ignoring the impact of BPO on the effectiveness of business processes (Gewald, H. Dibbern, J. 2009). There has been a growth of 15% to 20% in revenues from outsourcing activities in the pecuniary institution. Even very large Financial Institution that have stayed away from outsourcing activities are now moving towards it for greater efficiency. According to estimates nearly half of all pecuniary institutions have outsourced at least a part of their services functions. (Lowell, M. 1992.)They are now concentrating on core competencies (activities or services which provide a strategic advantage or competitive edge) and outsourcing other activities to the best or most efficient provider of a product or service. To be sure, adopting an outsourcing approach impacts an organization dramatically. Prior to analyzing this impact, it is important to understand the trends within outsourcing. (Siemers, R. 19 95). The financial services industry was among the first industries to adopt large campus-style call centres. customers needing information about their bank account or information on their reference point fare balance are likely to get an ridiculous look if they call into a branch and ask for help substitutely of picking up a phone and getting in topographic point with their banks call centre. Just as banks and insurance firms were quick to see the potential for saving money by consolidating branch office functions in a central call centre, they h ave also been the first to look notwithstanding afield in an effort to cut costs. (www.callcenteroutboundcalls.com)Most companies in the financial services industry started their own call centre known as mantled call centres. Captive call centres admit commodious roof investment and at the same time cost involved in running the centre is very high school. In captive call centres all the capital expenses such as infrastructure development are borne by the parent company, third-party call center services outsourcing firms do not require businesses to do so. Third-party call center services outsourcing firms, especially those that have been usable for more than louvre years, have their own infrastructure, systems, and equipment and they do not charge businesses for these. So, choosing a third-party call center service would help the parent company to save plenty in terms of capital investments. (Figgat, D. Dove, M. 2008) Third-party vendors are normally preferred over captive outfits because of substantially lower costs, flexibility and the ability to enforce price and quality competition. (www.infotech.indiatimes.com)Banks and financial institutions depend upon telephone call centers to meet the needs of a changing and ever more demanding consumer for 24/7 access. Call centers serve as a source of service recovery, added value, market intelligence, and strategic advantage. (Feinberg et al 2002) The call centre industry is a very big industry and there are a round of companies that handle projects for majority of the banks and financial institution. These companies have to bushel distinct selling strategies so that they could approach banks and financial institution for outsourcing. Through this project we are trying to identify what strategies a call centre needs to have in place if they are to receive projects from banks and financial institution. GEM is a call centre based in Belfast and this project would help in developing a marketing fit for GEM position it as a key customer contact service provider for the UK financial market. Information about GemIt is one of the leading providers of outsourced customer service via email, telephone, sms and live chat and in Europe and they operate in 29 different languages. It is considered to be one of the primary developers of best practices in contact centres in U.K. Gem was originally designed to provide services for outsourced email handling and was essentially an email call centre. Since then, the company has extended its range of activities and now provides services which include customer care, technical support and sales to back office bear upon. In addition to providing different kinds of services in multiple languages, gem captures important customer and staff feedback and uses this uncomparable information to consult on enhancing a clients brand. Exports account for 98% of gems business, which includes 38% to the US, 38% to the UK and 15% to mainland Europe.Gems has a wide r ange of client base from media, e-commerce, travel, hi-tech and government sectors. Current customers include Cisco Systems, King.com, Match.com, Microsoft, Play.com and Channel 4 television. In terms of certification Gem was accredited with ISO 90012000 in October 2006.Since the company has been operational its business with such high values and they are also one of the major players in the BPO industry in U.K. they have standard some industry awards to name a few.1) Belfast Business cap 50, Belfast Media Group 2) Gold laurels Winner for Best Online Customer Service Team (Figleaves), People in Retail Awards 3) Gold Award Winner for best UK Call Centre Manager of the Year Awards, Call Centre Management Association (www.the-gem.com)To segment, identify and profile the key players in the financial market within United Kingdom.U.K has one of the most alter and competitive financial services sectors in the world with both specialist and non-bank providers offering services such as credit cards, insurance and loans. (Farquhar, J. Panther, T. 2008). The financial services industry is going through a massive pitch and is fast becoming highly competitive. Traditional players are offering new services to protect their client base and at the same time are competing with new players for a share in the financial services market. The industry in particular is going through a intensify and new tools, techniques and services have been developed which were conventionally offered via bricks and mortar bring (Boyes, G. Stone, M. 2003). The major banks have undergone a considerable degree of consolidation, and supermarkets such as Tesco and Sainsburys, as well as online banks have entered the market for financial services. or so make societies have become banks. rough banks have taken over building societies, insurance companies and indeed other banks. The type of services has spread out into credit cards, mortgage lending, insurance, and so on.The banking service s industry could be carve up into four distinct groups traditional high street banks and former building societies, online banks, credit card companies, and retailers providing financial services. (www.capco.com)In the UK, High street banks traditionally enjoyed a dominant retail market presence because of their tight chasten over the even upments system. The huge branch system coupled with less use of technology meant that major high street banks like Royal bank of Scotland, Barclays bank, Lloyds banking group, HSBC bank, standard chartered and building societies like Nationwide enjoyed a government agency in the UK financial services industry.(Consoli, D. 2005)But with the recent crisis in the U.K. banking industry, with the examples of northerly rock and RBS there is a set of distrust among the general public. (Butler, S. 2009). At the same time, high street banks have come under lot of pressure from new entrants to the financial services sector such as Prudential (Egg), Vir gin, MBNA and CapitalOne and supermarket kitchen stoves like Tesco and Sainsbury (Harden, G. 2002).New entrants who have entered the financial services industry have gained a competitive advantage through the use of technology. New entrants have information from the customers of their traditional activity, and with CRM they can integrate their information sources and exploit aggregated data on the clientele. It could be argued that access to such high level consumer information should enable banks and other financial institution to give a more personalised and more efficient service. For consumers, the high personal convenience that a bank offers higher would be the misfortune of a closer bank customer relationship and enhanced customer satisfaction (Harden, G. 2002). In recent years new entrants into retail banking sector like supermarket banks and online banks have threatened the dominance of major players. (Essvale Corporation Limited). Supermarket banksThe reasons wherefore t hese companies wish to start up in banking are diversification of their business, sounding for new sources in order to increase their profitability and a desire to offer a complete service to their customers with the expansion of their current financial services complementary to their main activity. In the UK, the main supermarkets, by means of alliances with banks, have created their own bank subsidiaries, which allow them to offer a only range of financial products. Some of these are Tesco, Sainsbury and Marks and Spencer. (Gonzlez Guerrero 2004)Among the major supermarket brands eying this banking business, the most high-profile is undoubtedly the supermarket chain Tesco, which is already the countrys largest food retailer and has a longstanding personal finance arm that sells car, home and travel insurance, savings accounts and credit cards. It has also been running a pilot scheme providing banking sections inside five of its existing 2,200 supermarkets for the last few month s, and plans to launch current accounts and mortgages over the next couple of years ((MarketWatch Global Round-up).Tesco has been creating strategies to capitalise on customers disenchantment with traditional high street banks by aggressively launching new products to snack counter the ones offered by banks. U.K.s largest retail chain plans to airfoil 30 branches which is likely to be branded Tesco Bank within existing supermarkets in the coming few months.(Bradshaw, T. 2009)Another leading supermarket chain, J Sainsbury, already has a Sainsburys Bank arm offering loans, credit cards, savings and insurance, while the pharmacy chain Boots has verbalized absorb in financial services. Like Tesco, Sainsbury sees a big opportunity in the financial services market. According to Darren Shapland, Finance director of Sainsbury, the supermarket chain is a challenger and not as big as some of the other financial service providers but the there is a huge potential since 1.8 million custome rs walk into their shops every calendar week (Butler, S. 2009). The UKs leading bookseller, stationer and newsagent chain WHSmith, meanwhile, has Post Office branch facilities in 80 of its stores, with services that extend to savings accounts and foreign exchange. Another retailer attachment Boots wants to get into the financial services industry and coincidently or not has hired former HBOS CEO as its new boss. But in the case of Boots they have no tradition of offering financial services products apart from travel insurance and it may them a few years before they could be regarded as force to reckon with. (Butler, S. 2009). At the other end of the spectrum are overseas interests that see an opportunity for a tightly focused banking operation in the UK, running a few branches and targeting a very specific market. The most high-profile among these is Vernon Hill, the US entrepreneur who founded Commerce Bancorp in 1973 and grew it into a business that he eventually sold to Toront o-Dominion for $8.5 billion in 2007. Hill has applied for a banking license with the countrys regulator, the FSA, and has gone public with plans to open the doors of an institution called Metro Bank (MarketWatch Global Round-up)The highly competitive reputation of the financial services market has resulted in new. Developments and banks are creating strategies to utilize alternative delivery channels. One of the delivery channels that have been in public for some time now is electronic or online banking. Many of the financial institution in the UK have launched or developed transactional electronic banking services. lucre banking services were first introduced in the UK in the early 1980s with the Homelink service provided by the Nottingham Building Society and the Bank of Scotland. But this service was not very popular then and was discontinued after some time (Daniel, E. 1999). Since the rapid development in internet based services, Customers now are more prone to use this serv ice it is possible for them to use banking services anytime and anywhere at their own convenience and with lower fees as compared to traditional banks. Internet banking has given rise to a relatively new fantasy called internet only banks where these organizations dont have a physical set up like traditional banks but provide all types of products and services through internet, Telephone and ATM machines. (Sayar Wolfe 2007). First Direct was not one of the first banks to launch internet only bank in the summer of 1997.Egg is stillness the most popular internet only bank with a market share of 5.9% in the online banking sector. Internet banks like Egg, Smile, Cahoot and First Direct have a simple banking principle keep costs low and cut of meat competition. Credit Cards Credit card helps the card holder to defy credit from the card issuer and allows him to repay the debt over a supple time period usually 90 days and user can even to add to the debt by paying a certain amount of interest this is the so-called revolving credit facility. Majority of the banks in the UK provide credit card facilities. The other financial institutions which provide credit card facilities are monocline banks. Monocline banks are credit card issuers who focus on credit card as their main product lines. Companies such as MBNA, Capital One and Morgan Stanley and types of Monoline banks operating in UK (Worthington Edwards. 2000). The competition in the credit card market in UK has intensified in the last few years. The result of this has been the emergence of flexible credit cards. These types of credit cards allow users to select the features of their card which includes the touch of their card and the APR and they also have the option of changing the features based on their circumstances. Virgin and Cahoot are some of the card issuers who are offering such features. (M2 PRESSWIRE 2003.). U.K. is one of the largest users of credit card, with more than half in U.K. as compared t o entire Europe and two thirds of total value transactions. (Irish News 2004).Other financial services personalized Loans are one of the other services provided by the financial industry. They help customers to borrow credit from banks and other financial institutions and they pay interest for using the credit over a period of time. Personal Loans are available either against collateral or in some cases with out collateral. Some of the major players in the Personal loan market in the U.K are Nationwide, Sainsbury, HSBC and Abbey (Santander).Insurance Insurance is a service where the investment banker is covered for risks by paying a premium to the insuring company. The premium is either paid on a monthly, quarterly or yearly basis. Some of the major insurance companies in U.K are Norwich Union, Standard life and jural and General. To identify what processes or departments in financial companies can be outsourced.The advent of technology has meant that customers have multiple so urces to contact their service providers. The first service that was launched by banks was telephone banking wherein customers could contact their banks 7 days a week and 24 hours a day. Most banks started with their in house call centres called captive call centres to provide service to their customers. As discussed above due high fixed and operation maintaining a captive call centre is an dear(predicate) proposition. That is where third party call centres come into picture. The services that are offered in call centres are customer service where customers query about his bank accounts, credit cards, personal loans or mortgages are serviced. Marketing of banks products is some other service that call centers provide. Popularly known as telemarketing, this service helps banks to make customers conscious of different products and services they offer and also any discounts that they could be suitable for. Banks also face a lot of situation where customers have either used their ac counts over the agreed overdraft limit or they havent paid their steadfast installments for their credit cards, personal loans or Mortgage loans. Most banks have a separate department to handle these type of situations which would help them to contact the customer for debt. recovery. These departments are known as collections teams, and would call customers to remind them that they have failed to make their regular installments. Online banking is another service that banks offer and as discussed above offers anytime banking to customers at the click of a button. Call centres provide customers service for online banking services as well so that if the customers face any issue while they are online they could be guided in the right direction. Chat service is another part of online banking, and even though most banks have not introduced it for customer service in bank accounts and they are used for mortgage servicing. All the banks do their best to satisfy customers either through goo d customer service or through different types of products, but inspite of this there a small number of customers who remain unsatisfied and these types of customers would like to express their dissatisfaction. tutelage handling teams would normally service these types of customers and they would thoroughly look at customers complaints and would try to resolve them with the business policies of the bank. Back office process like processing of bank accounts, personal loans and mortgages are some of the other services that call centres provide to financial institution. In case of insurance companies claims handling would be would be one of the services offered by Call centres. Some of the financial institutions that have indulged in outsourcing are HSBC, Abbey and few others banks. Most of these banks have outsourced their trading operations to offshore locations like India. A complete list is mentioned in cecal appendage 1.